Ketosis

The ketogenic diet (KD) was originally developed in the early 1920s as a treatment for pediatric epilepsy. It is characterized by very high levels of fat, minimal carbohydrate, and adequate protein. In the absence of glucose oxidation, ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone) are formed as a byproduct of fatty acid oxidation in order to serve as an alternative source of fuel for the brain and peripheral tissues. KDs restrict carbohydrate consumption in order to limit circulating levels of glucose and, therefore, promote production and utilization of ketone bodies as a primary fuel source. This state of ketosis mimics starvation as ketone bodies are naturally produced in response to prolonged fasting or intense exercise.

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